Table 2: Excipients and manufacturing ingredients

Bovine By Product	Use	Source and manufacture	Medicinal Products
Foetal Calf serum	Cell culture ingredient	Calf foetus. Produced using mild conditions and filter sterilisation	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Serum Albumin	Cell culture ingredient	Blood. Purified using mild chemical &/or physical conditions	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Adult/Immune Serum	Used as a supplement during cell culture	Blood. Produced using mild chemical and physical conditions	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Liver digest	Cell culture ingredient	Liver. Produced using harsh chemical &/or physical conditions	Vaccines, multi vitamin (liver extract)
Trypsin	Pancreatic enzyme used during manufacture	Pancreas. Purified using mild physical and chemical conditions	Vaccines
Lactalbumin hydrolysate	Hydrolysed milk protein. Cell culture ingredient	Milk. Produced using harsh chemical &/or physical conditions	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Hydrolysed Casein	Hydrolysed milk protein. Cell culture ingredient	Milk whey. Produced using chemical &/or physical conditions	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Calcium Caseinate	Cell culture ingredient	Milk whey. Produced using chemical &/or physical conditions	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Gelatine	Excipient in manufacture. Also used as a blood volume expander	Bones and hide. Highly processed by acid/alkaline hydrolysis - very harsh chemical and physical conditions	Various. Capsules, pastes, pastilles, tablets and suppositories. Blood volume expander
Peptone	Cell culture ingredient	Meat (skeletal and cardiac muscle). Produced using mild chemical &/or physical conditions	Vaccines, antibodies, recombinant proteins
Casein	Cell culture ingredient	Milk whey. Produced using chemical &/or physical conditions	Hormones, enzymes
Lactose	Widely used as a diluent to give bulk to powders and as a diluent in compressed tablets	Milk. Carboyhdrate manufactured from milk using relatively mild chemical &/or physical conditions	Various.
Chymotrypsin	Pancreatic enzyme used in production of medicinal products	Pancreas. Manufactured using mild conditions
Cholic and deoxycholic acids	Detergent used as manufacturing ingredients (viral inactivation)	Bile. Highly processed using harsh chemical and physical conditions	Vaccines, plasma derived medicinal products, recombinant protein products
Tryptone	Cell culture ingredient	Meat (skeletal and cardiac muscle). Produced using mild chemical &/or physical conditions	Recombinant protein medicine