Volume 13: Industry Processes and Controls
Table of Contents

1 Introduction
   Hygiene, 'sterilisation' and the inactivation of the BSE agent

2 The slaughtering industry
   Some features of the industry
   Summary of the slaughtering processes in 1986
   Details of the individual processes in 1986
   The effect of BSE-related Regulations on slaughterhouse practice
   Other changes in slaughterhouse practices post-BSE

3 Head-boning and brain removal
   Some features of the industry
   Processes involved in head-boning in 1986
   Legislative changes and developments in the process post-BSE
   ANNEX TO CHAPTER 3: Brain removal prior to the introduction of the SBO controls

4 Mechanically recovered meat (MRM)
   Some features of the industry
   Processes for mechanical recovery of meat in 1986
   Legislative changes and developments in the process post-BSE
   The market for MRM

5 Knackers, hunt kennels and maggot bait farms
   Some features of the industry
   Processes involved in knackering in 1986
   Legislative changes and developments in the process post-BSE

6 Rendering
   Some features of the industry
   Processes involved in rendering in 1986
   Rendering and inactivation of BSE
   Regulation of the rendering industry before 1986
   Legislative changes and developments in the process post-BSE
   Annex A to Chapter 6: Tallow and its derivatives
   Annex B to Chapter 6: Manufacturing process of rendering
   Annex C to Chapter 6: Comparison of UK rendering process with the process in other countries

7 Animal feed manufacture
   Some features of the industry
   Processes involved in animal feed manufacture in 1986
   Legislative changes and developments in the process post-BSE

8 Other industries
   Butchery and meat processing
   Pet food manufacture
   Gelatine
   Fertilisers

Glossary

Who's who

Index

   Figure 2.1: Slaughterhouse numbers in England, Wales and Scotland, 1971/72-1995/96
   Figure 2.2: Number of cattle (comprising adult cattle, steers, heifers, young bulls and calves) slaughtered in the United Kingdom, 1973-96
   Figure 2.3: The slaughter process
   Figure 2.4: Abdominal and thoracic viscera of cattle
   Figure 2.5: Specified Bovine Offal for the purposes of the human SBO ban 1989 (Bovines 6 months plus)
   Figure 6.1: Location of rendering plants in Great Britain, 1993
   Figure 6.2: Sources of raw material for renderers in England and Wales, 1993
   Figure 6.3: Sources of raw material for renderers in Scotland, 1993
   Figure 6.4: Proportion of MBM produced by plants using a continuous rendering process, 1971-88
   Figure 6.5: Proportion of MBM produced using solvent extraction, 1964-88
   Figure 7.1: Compound feedstuffs purchased in England, Scotland and Wales, 1974-94
   Figure 7.2: Cattle feed production in the UK, by region, 1987